英國科學家近日借助美國宇航局生命中心RCCS微重力生物反應器在臍帶血中得到類似胚胎干細胞的細胞(臍帶血源類胚胎干細胞)，為利用臍帶血中的干細胞治療疾病帶來了很大希望。

相關論文請見> http://www.equl.com/general_catalog/bioreactor/rccs/rccs.html

英國Kingston大學Colin P．McGuckin研究小組與美國得克薩斯大學研究人員合作在最新一期《細胞繁殖》雜志上報告說，他們在人類臍帶血中發現的這種“臍帶血源類胚胎干細胞(CBE)”雖然不像人類胚胎干細胞那樣“原始”，但分化成其他細胞的能力強于骨髓干細胞等成年干細胞。

研究人員在實驗室中成功地誘導CBE轉化為細胞，他們還證明CBE的表面還具備胚胎干細胞的一些標識，并且會形成胚狀體，這原是胚胎干細胞形成的特有的細胞聚集體，也是形成人類胚胎干細胞的關鍵。

如果CBE確實具備類似人類胚胎干細胞的功能，它將大大推進利用干細胞的疾病治療。因為胚胎干細胞的培育牽扯到人類胚胎的培育和銷毀，引起了廣泛的道德爭論，臍帶血的收集、保存和分化則不存在類似問題。

有關報道:
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7864
http://www.biospace.com/news_story.cfm?StoryID=20912320
（英國Kingston大學新聞英文版：
News: Strictly embargoed to 00.01 BST London time, 18th August 2005.

Michael Williams, Press officer. Telephone 020 8547 7952, press@kingston.ac.uk

BREAKTHROUGH HERALDS NEW ERA IN STEM CELL RESEARCH

A breakthrough in human stem cell research, producing embryonic-like cells from umbilical cord blood may substantially speed up the development of treatments for life-threatening illnesses, injuries and disabilities. The discovery made during a project undertaken with experts from the University of Texas Medical Branch and the Synthecon Corporation in the United States provides medical researchers and physicians with an ethical and reliable source of human stem cells for the first time.

The study, funded by the UK Government’s Department of Trade and Industry, is led by Dr Colin McGuckin and Dr Nico Forraz from Kingston University’s School of Life Sciences. It represents a significant step forward in the fast-developing field of stem cell research. Until now, experts have struggled to find a supply of cells in sufficient numbers that does not offend previous critics of stem cell research. The latest advance looks set to overcome such difficulties.

The trans-Atlantic team has been working with Drs Randall Urban, Larry Denner and Ronald Tilton from the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. They have been using bioreactors at the Synthecon Corporation base in Houston enabling them to produce stem cells sharing many of the same characteristics as cells found in embryos. Research has so far relied on so-called adult cells found in blood and bone marrow from birth onwards or cells grown from embryos. The new type detected by the team harnesses the benefits of both. “We have found a unique group of cells that bring together the essential qualities of both types of stem cells for the first time,” Dr McGuckin said.

The researcher’s findings, may bring renewed hope to people awaiting treatment for a range of serious illnesses such as Diabetes, Alzheimer’s Disease and multiple sclerosis. “Acquiring stem cells from embryos also has major limitations because it is difficult to obtain enough cells to transplant as well as getting the right tissue type for the patient,” Dr McGuckin said. “Using cord blood gets over that obstacle because we can produce more stem cells and, with a global birth rate of 100 million babies a year, there is a better chance of getting the right tissue type for the many patients out there waiting for stem cell therapy. There is also far less likelihood of such cells being rejected when they are transplanted into people with liver disease, for example.”

The team has taken its first steps towards proving its claims by growing defined liver tissue using the new cell type. By making use of special NASA-derived technology, the team is able to cultivate greater numbers of cells in equipment mimicking the effects of space microgravity. “Using Synthecon’s bioreactors, originally designed by NASA, means the cells are able to expand faster, giving us a greater supply to work with,” Dr Forraz said. “This system provides more cells for more tests, so we have the potential to make significant progress in applying the new cells to cure difficult to treat conditions such as juvenile diabetes, stroke, heart and liver disease.”

Dr Urban who chairs UTMB’s Internal Medicine department and serves as director of its Stark Diabetes Centre said he looked forward to the next phase of what was proving to be a fruitful collaboration. “We plan to use this technology to engineer pancreatic tissue as we work towards our goal of developing a cure for type 1 diabetes,” he added.

The team’s report will be published in the Cell Proliferation Journal on 18 August.）


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